The Tactical Leadership Programme was founded in the late 19seventies. Its purpose was to join allied forces and train together in joint operations, but also to generate leaders for challenging multinational air defence and air strike missions. The TLP is a standalone organization based on a Memorandum of Understanding between the air forces of Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. During the years other nations have been invited as guests to participate.
The first TLP ever was held at Fürstenfeldbruck Air Base, Germany, in January 1978, but this first edition was strictly academic. The TLP moved to Jever AB, Germany, in September 1979 and the academic course was extended with a flying phase. When the TLP left Jever in 1988, 71 courses were held there and over 1900 aircrews were trained. Florennes AB in Belgium was appointed as the new homebase for the TLP, and hosted its first TLP in March 1989. The TLP stayed at Florennes until July 2009, when the exercise moved to Albacete, Spain, where weather conditions are far better and the aircrews have a large airspace structure to their usage. 

TLP 2005-5
The first participants arrived on Friday 30 September and the last participants departed on Friday 28 October. Apart from Belgium there were only five countries involved in this edition. Some of the countries send a small delegation to this TLP. The French Air Force only send 2 Mirage F.1’s (and the Navy 3 Super Etendards) and the RAF was present with only 2 Hawks and 2 Tornado’s. The Italian Air Force had a common delegation with 5 Tornado’s and 3 AMX’s. But there was still enough to enjoy. Germany send 8 F-4F’s from JG-71 and JG-74. But the main contributor was the USAF. From Lakenheath AB, the 493^rd FS send 5 different F-15C’s and the 492^nd FS 4 different F-15E’s. And finally, after three and a half years, the A-10 Warthog was back at Florennes. The last participation of the A-10’s from the 81^st FS was during TLP 2002-4. This was the last 2005 TLP on Belgian soil. TLP 2005-6 was held at Gioia del Colle AB, in southern Italy.

The participants:
Belgian Air Force with F-16A/B from 2 Wing
French Air Force with Mirage F.1 from ER 01.033 and ER 02.033
French Navy with Super Etendard from 11 and 17 Flotille
German Air Force with F-4F from JG-71 and JG-74
Italian Air Force with Tornado IDS  from 6 Stormo, Tornado ECR from 50 Stormo and AMX from 51 Stormo
Royal Air Force with Hawk T.1A from 100 3 Sqn. and Tornado GR.4 from 617 Sqn.
USAF with F-15C from 493rd FS, F-15E from 492^nd FS and A-10A from 81^st FS